Graham Gilbert created a pretty cool project called Crypt 2, which forces client machines to enable FileVault2 encryption, and then sends the recovery key to a Crypt Server.
So far the documentation on Crypt 2 is rather sparse, so this is what I was able to piece together based on the README, some asking around, and a lot of trial and error.
The server
The server bit was tricky for me to figure out. I happened to have a Ubuntu 16.04 LTS server I wanted to try it out on, but the Ubuntu 14.04 and Ubuntu 12.04 instructions did not work for 16.04. I got this error when trying to run the command to get the requirements:
crypt/setup/requirements.txt (line 4))
Could not find a version that satisfies
the requirement django-extensions==1.6.8 (from -r crypt/setup/requirements.txt (line 4)) (from versions: 0.4, 0.4.1, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.7.1, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2, 1.0.3, 1.1.0, 1.1.1, 1.2.0, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.2.4, 1.2.5, 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.3.2, 1.3.3, 1.3.4, 1.3.5, 1.3.6, 1.3.7, 1.3.8, 1.3.9, 1.3.10, 1.3.11, 1.4.0, 1.4.1, 1.4.2, 1.4.3, 1.4.4, 1.4.5, 1.4.6, 1.4.7, 1.4.8, 1.4.9, 1.5.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4, 1.5.5, 1.5.6, 1.5.7, 1.5.8, 1.5.9, 1.6.1, 1.6.2, 1.6.3, 1.6.5, 1.6.6, 1.6.7, 1.7.0, 1.7.1, 1.7.2, 1.7.3, 1.7.4, 1.7.5, 1.7.6, 1.7.7)
No matching distribution found for django-extensions==1.6.8 (from -r crypt/setup/requirements.txt (line 4))
It seems a lot of people go the Docker route. I'm not really an experienced Docker user, but most of the instructions are fairly straightforward.
After you install Docker, you just pull Crypt Server:
--restart="always" \
-v /somewhere/on/the/host:/home/docker/crypt/keyset \
-v /somewhere/else/on/the/host:/home/docker/crypt/crypt.db \
-p 8000:8000 \
macadmins/crypt-server
There are ton of ways, apparently, to get the site more secure. Since I'm most familiar with using Apache, I just put in a :443 VirtualHost entry with
ProxyPass / http://0.0.0.0:8000/
ProxyPassReverse / http://0.0.0.0:8000/
Once you have that set up, go to https://SUBDOMAIN.MAINDOMAIN.COM and log in with admin and password, and then immediately change the password to a new one.
You'll then have the option to add other users with various types of permissions.
The client
The Crypt 2 client is a standard .pkg you can deploy with whatever you're using to manage your client machines. You can configure your clients' Crypt 2 preferences before deploying the .pkg.
When the user who's okay to enable encryption (one not in the SkipUsers array) logs in, a window will pop up that says This machine must be encrypted. It will reboot shortly after clicking continue.
Crypt will write a file to /var/root/crypt_output.plist with values for EnabledDate, EnabledUser, HardwareUUID, LVGUUID, LVUUID, PVUUID, RecoveryKey, and SerialNumber.
After that, probably nothing will happen for some time. Crypt 2 runs a Launch Daemon that invokes /Library/Crypt/checkin every 900 seconds (15 minutes). After around that time, you should see the client machine show up in the web interface the admin sees.
If you click Info...
...and then Info / Request...
...and then Retrieve Key...
... you should be able to see the recovery key.
You may have to ask permission of yourself to view the recovery key (presumably if you have users with different permission levels, a user with lesser permission would ask an admin user for temporary permissions to view the recovery key).
Other options
This isn't a comprehensive list: